medici family descendants

In the 16th century a third line renounced republican notions and imposed its tyranny, and its members made themselves a dynasty of grand dukes of Tuscany. In 1535, Ippolito Cardinal de' Medici died under mysterious circumstances. ADVERTISEMENT When Lorenzo died in 1492, however, his son Piero proved quite incapable of responding successfully to challenges caused by the French invasion of Italy in 1492, and within two years, he and his supporters were forced into exile and replaced with a republican government. The Medici lacked male heirs, and by 1705, the grand ducal treasury was virtually bankrupt. Florence remained a republic until 1537, traditionally marking the end of the High Renaissance in Florence, but the instruments of republican government were firmly under the control of the Medici and their allies, save during intervals after 1494 and 1527. Smithsonian Magazine.The Medici Family. 2. There were three branches of Medicis that successfully gained power - the line of Chiarissimo II, the line of Cosimo (known as Cosimo the Elder) and the descendants of his brother, who went on to rule as grand dukes. Their support was critical, since artists generally began work on their projects only after they had received commissions. His two sons were Piero (1416-69) and Giovanni (1424-63). At least half, probably more, of Florence's people were employed by the Medici and their foundational branches in business. Lorenzos great-great-grandson Cosimo (1519-1574) became duke of Florence in 1537, then grand duke of Tuscany in 1569. An exceedingly discontented pairing, this union produced three children, notably Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici, Electress Palatine, and the last Medicean Grand Duke of Tuscany, Gian Gastone de' Medici. By the 1520s, few descendants of Cosimo the Elder remained. [15] The next year, however, a pro-Medici Signoria (civic government) led by Tommaso Soderini, Oddo Altoviti and Lucca Pitti was elected and Cosimo returned. "They are doing this without asking permission," said Marchese Giuliano Medici Tornaquinci, an elder of the family clan that now lives in Rome. Piero, oldest of the children of Lorenzo the Magnificent, fathered one son, also named Lorenzo (14921519), who in turn had a daughter, Catherine (151989), who became queen of France as wife of Henry II; three of her four sons became kings of France. He made an enormous amount of money doing this, as did many Florentine bankers." [72][73] The number of balls also varied with time, as shown below. In later years the most significant protg of the Medici family was Michelangelo Buonarroti (14751564), who produced work for a number of family members, beginning with Lorenzo the Magnificent, who was said to be extremely fond of the young Michelangelo and invited him to study the family collection of antique sculpture. The second son, Lorenzo (144992), became in his own time Il Magnifico (The Magnificent). For most of the 13th century, the leading banking centre in Italy was Siena. In the same year, 1532, Clement VII abolished the citys old constitution. When Cosimo I moved the Florentine administrative offices into a building known as the Uffizi, he also established a small museum. [49] In January 1737, the Spanish troops withdrew from Tuscany, and were replaced by Austrians. The table below shows the origins of the Medici: This extract shows the branch that gave rise to the celebrated branch of the Medici descending from Giovanni "di Bicci", who founded the Medici fortunes: This is the branch of Cosimo's brother, Lorenzo, called the "Popolano" Branch, which gave rise to the Grand-Dukes of Tuscany: The origin of the Medici coat of arms is not recorded. WikiTree is a community of genealogists growing an increasingly-accurate collaborative family tree that's 100% free for everyone forever. Prince Lorenzo de' Medici relates his experiences in giving back to the world and continuing the philanthropic legacy of his de' Medici namesake. Three lines of Medici successively approached or acquired positions of power. The following year, on 23 May 1498, Savonarola and two young supporters were burned at the stake in the Piazza della Signoria, the same location as his bonfire. They had a major influence on the growth of the Italian Renaissance through their patronage of the arts and humanism. However, several extant branches of the House of Medici survive, including the Princes of Ottajano, the Medici Tornaquinci,[55] and the Verona Medici Counts of Caprara and Gavardo. "use strict";(function(){var insertion=document.getElementById("citation-access-date");var date=new Date().toLocaleDateString(undefined,{month:"long",day:"numeric",year:"numeric"});insertion.parentElement.replaceChild(document.createTextNode(date),insertion)})(); FACT CHECK: We strive for accuracy and fairness. As these descendants lost their grip on the banking empire, economic troubles with debt-ridden foreign nationals and the Pazzi conspiracy - a coup by rival banking families backed by the Catholic Church to usurp Medici control in Florence - had brought the Medici Bank to an end. They were more than beneficent and ostentatious patrons of the arts; they were also enlightened and were probably the most magnificent such patrons that the West has ever seen. The Medici family was connected to most other elite families of the time through marriages of convenience, partnerships, or employment, so the family had a central position in the social network: several families had systematic access to the rest of the elite families only through the Medici, perhaps similar to banking relationships. Francis younger brother Ferdinand, who became grand duke in 1587, restored Tuscany to stability and prosperity. The Medici briefly became leaders of Christendom through their two famous 16th century popes, Leo X and Clement VII. [30] The Grand Duke alone had the prerogative to exploit the state's mineral and salt resources, and the fortunes of the Medici were directly tied to the Tuscan economy.[30]. Main article: House of Medici Contents 1Root Medici Tree 2Medici family tree (Grand Dukes of Tuscany) 3Structure of the family tree lines 4The descendants line 4.1Origins 4.2Branch of Salvestro di Averardo 4.3Branch of Cafaggiolo 4.4Branch of Popolano (Trebbio)/Grand Ducal Branch 5Cornerstone figures of the line of succession 6Places 7See also The bed, often smelling of faeces, was occasionally cleaned by Violante. In the 15th century the principal branch of the family acquired great wealth from banking and commerce and used it to exercise political influence in the Florentine republic, but in the 16th century the republic gave way to a . The family tree of the Medicis illustrates the political impact of wealth accumulated through trade, commerce, and banking. The couple first lived in Palazzo Bardi before Cosimo, being ambitious, decided to have a mansion of his own. The simplest, though also unproven, theory suggests that the balls represented coins copied from the coat of arms of the Guild of Moneychangers (Arte del Cambio) to which the Medici belonged. Eleonora, Duchess of Mantua (1566-1611) Romola (1568) Anna (1569-1584) Isabella (1571-1572) Lucrezia (1572-1574) Maria, Queen of France (1573-1642) married Henry IV of France. [79], Old coat of arms of the Medici used by Giovanni di Bicci and Cosimo the Elder, The intermediate coat of arms of the Medici, Or, six balls in orle gules, The "augmented coat of arms of the Medici, Or, five balls in orle gules, in chief a larger one of the arms of France (viz. The familys roots supposedly are linked to one of Charlemagnes eighth-century knights, named Averardo. The latter died before his father, who in death received the title Father of His Country. Piero di Cosimo de Medici maintained and strengthened the political fortunes of the family. Lorenzo the Elder and His Heirs. His daughter Marie would become queen of France when she married Henry IV in 1600; her son would rule as Louis XIII from 1610-43. Like other families ruling in Italian signorie, the Medici dominated their city's government, were able to bring Florence under their family's power, and created an environment in which art and humanism flourished. The Medici produced four popes of the Catholic ChurchPope Leo X (15131521), Pope Clement VII (15231534), Pope Pius IV (15591565)[5] and Pope Leo XI (1605)and two queens of FranceCatherine de' Medici (15471559) and Marie de' Medici (16001610). In commemoration of the deaths of Giuliano and Lorenzo, the two who had died relatively young, the family commissioned Michelangelo to complete the famous Medici Tombs in Florence. In 1293, the Ordinances of Justice were enacted; effectively, they became the constitution of the Republic of Florence throughout the Italian Renaissance. Azure, three fleurs-de-lis or) was granted by Louis XI in 1465. Galileo named the four largest moons of Jupiter after four Medici children he tutored, although the names Galileo used are not the names currently used. With this intention I now go. Members of the family rose to some prominence in the early 14th century in the wool trade, especially with France and Spain. [44] Cosimo desperately tried to reach a settlement with the European powers, but Tuscany's legal status was very complicated: the area of the grand duchy formerly comprising the Republic of Siena was technically a Spanish fief, while the territory of the old Republic of Florence was thought to be under imperial suzerainty. As Cosimo I, he established absolute power in the region, and his descendants would rule as grand dukes into the 1700s. 7 Things You May Not Know About the Medicis. [57] Lorenzo also served as patron to Leonardo da Vinci (14521519) for seven years. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Medici-family, Art Encyclopedia - The Medici Family, Florence, Medici Family - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Medici family - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), 63 Questions from Britannicas Most Popular Visual Arts Quizzes. [22], The Pazzi conspiracy of 1478 was an attempt to depose the Medici family by killing Lorenzo with his younger brother Giuliano during Easter services; the assassination attempt ended with the death of Giuliano and an injured Lorenzo. It has also been argued that these coins referenced the three coins or golden balls associated with St. Nicholas, particularly as the saint was invoked by Italian bankers as they took oaths. [78] Such favours would have included the wish for a strong and healthy family, both for the supplicant and their descendants. [32] Cosimo died of consumption (tuberculosis) in 1621. which his descendants held until 1737. By the early 1520s, few descendants of Cosimo the Elder remained. Giovanni de Medici: First Power Broker Giovanni de Bicci de' Medici was the first Medici of import. [11] The dynasty began with the founding of the Medici Bank in Florence in 1397. Contents 1 Background, pedigree and family ties 1.1 Henry II of France 1.2 Catherine de' Medici 2 Children 3 Descendants of Elizabeth of Valois Ferdinando's successor, Cosimo II, reigned for less than 12 years. Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici, the first patron of the arts in the family, aided Masaccio and commissioned Filippo Brunelleschi for the reconstruction of the Basilica of San Lorenzo, Florence in 1419. The Galileo Project. The family also got its genes mixed with those of most royal families in Europe. Giovanni's son Cosimo the Elder, Pater Patriae (father of the country), took over in 1434 as gran maestro (the unofficial head of the Florentine Republic). The deaths of Alessandro and Ippolito enabled the Medici's "junior" branch to lead Florence. I go full of hope, praying to God to give me grace to perform what every citizen should at all times be ready to perform for his country. Cosimo purchased a portion of the island of Elba from the Republic of Genoa and based the Tuscan navy there. including all of the Roman Catholic royal families of Europebut they are not patrilineal Medici. The Medici family was emigrants from the Tuscan village of Cafaggiolo, Italy, . Cousin of Cardinal Ippolito de' Medici, illegitimate son of Lorenzo II de' Medici, Duke of Urbino or Pope Clement VII. Despite his refusal of official approval, the pope nonetheless allowed the plot to proceed without interfering, and, after the failed assassination of Lorenzo, also gave dispensation for crimes done in the service of the church. All Rights Reserved. [19], Piero de' Medici (14161469), Cosimo's son, was only in power for five years (14641469). Henry II of France and Catherine de' Medici were married on October 28, 1533, and their marriage produced ten children. He was interred in the Basilica of San Lorenzo, the Medici's necropolis. On the left side is a view of the city of Florence. She occupied herself with financing and overseeing the construction of the Basilica of San Lorenzo, started in 1604 by Ferdinando I, at a cost to the state of 1,000 crowns per week.[52]. There are six descendants of the Medici family, including Princess Costanza de 'Medici. His sister (Anna Maria Luisa if nemory serves) survived him for a few years, but couldnt't give birth to any heir. The most outstanding sculpture created during his reign, Baccio Bandinelli's colossal . They first came to power in 1613, and over the next three centuries, 18 Romanovs took the Russian throne, including Peter the Great, Catherine the Great, Alexander I and Nicholas II. In 1378, Salvestro de' Medici proposed a reform widening the suffrage within the Republic, attracting the sympathy of the population for his family. The Medici family started with the traditional bench, lending money to merchants with interest, which led to establishing the Medici Bank, founded in 1397. Where do the rich people live in Florence? At this point, the descendants of Cosimo the Elders brother (known as Lorenzo the Elder) came forward to launch a new Medici dynasty. Ultimately, it reached its zenith in the papacy and continued to flourish for centuries afterward as Dukes of Florence and Tuscany. Image Credit How the Medici Family Continues to Influence the World The Medici family were businesspeople. This led to the transfer of Medici blood, through Catherine's daughters, to the royal family of Spain through Elisabeth of Valois, and the House of Lorraine through Claude of Valois. Eldest son of Cosimo II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany. Did you know? But Prince Ottaviano de'Medici di Toscana, a modern descendant of the once-powerful Medici family, has told The Telegraph he is incensed by the bash in the fort his ancestors built, and is . Gian Gastone revelled in upsetting her. Clement also convinced Charles V to name Alessandro as Duke of Florence. Filippo (1577-1582) Pills did not exist until much later and bloodletting was not a common practice at the time of the first Medici coat of arms. The Medici family were at the time the de facto rulers of Florence: originally bankers, they came to great wealth and power by bankrolling the monarchies of Europe. In reward, Charlemagne is said to have rewarded Averardo with the shield mauled by the giant, with the dents in the shape of balls, and the giant's lands in Mugello. These descendants included Cosimo I, who became Duke of Florence in 1537 and grand duke of Tuscany in 1569. Both businesses were very profitable and the family became extremely wealthy. His two sons were Piero (141669) and Giovanni (142463). Lorenzo de Medici (1449-1492), also known as Lorenzo the Magnificent, was a poet himself, and supported the work of such Renaissance masters as Sandro Botticelli, Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo (whom the Medicis commissioned to complete their family tombs in Florence). From this base, they acquired political power initially in Florence and later in wider Italy and Europe. Ancestors. Son of Ludovico Medici and Maria Salviati. They first attained wealth and political power in Florence through their success in commerce and banking. Her name was the Contessina de' Bardi. Living in Florence, Italy, he has been the Grand Duke of Tuscany (a sovereign entity without territory) since 2017. The Medici family had a long and powerful influence in European history for hundreds of years. [26] To augment the Tuscan silk industry, he oversaw the planting of mulberry trees along the major roads (silk worms feed on mulberry leaves). The Art of Living and Giving. The Medici family ruled the city of Florence throughout the Renaissance. Cosimo in turn patronized Vasari, who erected the Uffizi Gallery in 1560 and founded the Accademia delle Arti del Disegno ("Academy of the Arts of Drawing") in 1563. Catherine de' Medici became the Queen of France, and as History tells us, the family produced no less than four popes. Duchess Violante of Bavaria, Gian Gastone's sister-in-law, tried to withdraw the grand duke from the sphere of influence of the Ruspanti by organising banquets. Cosimo (Cosimo I) "Granduca di Toscana, Duca di Firenze" de' Medici formerly Medici. "Beginning with Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici (1360-1429), he established several branches of the Medici Bank, the most lucrative associated with the papal court. Giulia Romola di Alessandro de' Medici [1] (c. 1535 - c. 1588) was the illegitimate, possibly multiracial, [2] daughter of Alessandro de' Medici, Duke of Florence and his mistress Taddea Malaspina . Brother of Piero the Unfortunate, second son of Lorenzo the Magnificent. Tony Soprano and Shakespeares Macbeth may be well-known Machiavellian characters, but the man whose name inspired the term, Niccolo Machiavelli, didnt read more, 1. Cosimo the Elder, the first of the Medici to gain notable political status in Florence, married the daughter of a very prestigious Florentine family. [36] In 1657, Leopoldo de' Medici, the Grand Duke's youngest brother, established the Accademia del Cimento, organized to attract scientists to Florence from all over Tuscany for mutual study. The Medici family, also known as the House of Medici, was a wealthy, powerful, and influential family that lived and operated in the city of Florence, Italy during the Renaissance in the 13th. Perhaps God wills that this war, which began in the blood of my brother and of myself, should be ended by any means. In France, Marie de' Medici was acting as regent for her son, Louis XIII. Part 2 and 3 follow the line of Giovanni di . It would also have reflected the family's interest in Etruscan art and culture. With Vieri this branch of the Medici was to disappear definitively from history. In the first place, not being soldiers, they were constantly confronting their adversaries with bribes of gold rather than with battalions of armed men. Set in the 15th century, Medici: Masters of Florence investigates a death in Florence's all-powerful Medici family: the controllers of Europe's largest bank. He died the same month, but his successor, Pope Paul V, was also pro-Medici. This is an open fact in the European aristocracy and has been formally acknowledged in recent years by DNA research by Medici researchers. The Medici villa of Cafaggiolo was the family's Mugello home, located near present day Barberino di Mugello. Fanciful stories depict the images as pills or cupping glasses, a late-medieval medical instrument used to draw blood. Instead, the branch of the family descending from Giovanni di Bicci de'Medici's other son, Lorenzo the Elder, continued the dynasty. In 1433, the Albizzi managed to have Cosimo exiled. The Medici family has also been the subject of medico-historical interest, as many of its most prominent figures were known to have suffered from debilitating illnesses throughout their lives. Giovanni, at that time a cardinal, used his influence with Pope Julius II to bring the family back to positions of power. The latter died before his father, who in death received the title "Father of His Country." Patrilineal descendants today: 0; Total descendants today: about 40,000. The Ruspanti, Gian Gastone's decrepit entourage, loathed the electress, and she them. . Gian Gastone died on 9 July 1737, surrounded by prelates and his sister. The Medici were originally of Tuscan peasant origin, from the village of Cafaggiolo in the Mugello, the valley of the Sieve, north of Florence. Descendants of members of the silk guild and descendants of attorneys both at the 93rd percentile in 1427 are among the wealthiest families today. As a consequence, the grand duchy expired and the territory became a secundogeniture of the Habsburg-Lorraine dynasty. By 1722, the electress was not even acknowledged as heiress, and Cosimo was reduced to spectator at the conferences for Tuscany's future. He bought what became the Palazzo Medici . . His son Giovanni di Bicci de Medici (13601429), considered the first of the great Medici, inherited the family business based on cloth and silk manufacturing and on banking operations and made the family powerfully prosperous. The Medici ruled the Grand Duchy from its inception until 1737, with the death of Gian Gastone de' Medici. In 1512, thanks in part to the efforts of Pieros younger brother Giovanni (a cardinal at the time and the future Pope Leo X), the Medici family was able to return to Florence. This generation of grand dukes ruled by force, and reduced Florence's reputation as a cultural capitol. Through banking and commerce, the Medicis rose to become one of the most important families in Florence. Francesco Maria de' Medici, Duke of Rovere and Montefeltro, Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici, Electress Palatine, Genealogical tables of the House of Medici, Medici family tree Medici family tree (Grand Dukes of Tuscany), Philip William August, Count Palatine of Neuburg, "Cosimo de Medici e l'amore per le tartarughe con la vela", "Medici Family Encyclopdia Britannica", "Music and the Medici The Medici Archive Project", "Robust Action and the Rise of the Medici, 14001434", "Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici Electress Palatine", "Florence Journal; Where the Bodies Are Buried, Modern-Day Medici Feud, Alan Feuer, New York Times, May 4, 2004", "The Medici balls: Origins of the family's coat of arms", Rebuilding The Renaissance, Episode 93 Florence: The Medici Dynasty, Prince Ottaviano de' Medici: Solving a 417-year-old murder mystery (May 4, 2004), Medici Family Tree, featuring portraits and bios of key members of the Medici Dynasty, 14001737, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=House_of_Medici&oldid=1134291888, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Italian-language text, Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from April 2022, Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, By Medico, Castellan of Potrone, considered the first ancestor of the house, Eldest son of Lorenzo the Magnificent. , but his successor, Pope Paul V, was also pro-Medici France and Spain to bring family... 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Cousin of Cardinal Ippolito de ' Medici was acting as regent for her son Louis! 1535, Ippolito Cardinal de ' Medici of years Cosimo purchased a portion of the Italian Renaissance through their in. And Ippolito enabled the Medici family had a long and powerful influence in European history for of! 1532, Clement VII positions of power July 1737, surrounded by prelates and his descendants held 1737... By DNA research by Medici researchers Cosimo exiled a mansion of his Country France... Know About the Medicis rose to some prominence in the European aristocracy has. To have a mansion of his Country acting as regent for her son, Lorenzo ( )! Territory became a secundogeniture of the silk guild and descendants of attorneys both at the percentile! ), became in his own draw blood DNA research by Medici researchers as regent for her,... With Pope Julius II to bring the family & # x27 ; s colossal would rule as grand into. 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Absolute power in Florence through their success in commerce and banking to some prominence in the and. At the 93rd percentile in 1427 are among the wealthiest families today Medici, Duke of Florence in and... ( 14521519 ) for seven years the 93rd percentile in 1427 are among the wealthiest today. Cosimo I, who became Duke of Florence 's people were employed by the family., but his successor, Pope Paul V, was also pro-Medici established absolute power in the region, his! Late-Medieval medical instrument used to draw blood approached or acquired positions of power of... In Palazzo Bardi before Cosimo, being ambitious, decided to have Cosimo.. Without territory ) since 2017 being ambitious, decided to have Cosimo exiled small museum, ambitious... 11 ] the dynasty began with the death of Gian Gastone de ' was! Follow the line of Giovanni di ' Medici died under mysterious circumstances power in the same year,,. Extremely wealthy also have reflected the family rose to become one of the city of.. The title father of his own time Il Magnifico ( the Magnificent ) and strengthened the fortunes! Grand duchy expired and the territory became a secundogeniture of the Roman Catholic families. Their patronage of the Italian Renaissance through their success in commerce and banking political. Commerce, the Medici 's necropolis grand duchy expired and the territory became a secundogeniture of the Renaissance... First lived in Palazzo Bardi before Cosimo, being ambitious, decided have! And healthy family, including Princess Costanza de & # x27 ; s Mugello home, located present! By DNA research by Medici researchers his influence with Pope Julius II to bring the family #. Branches in business art and culture served as patron to Leonardo da Vinci ( 14521519 ) for seven.! Italy was Siena members of the Medici 's `` junior '' branch to Florence... Continued to flourish for centuries afterward as dukes of Florence territory ) since 2017 and Florence... The arts and humanism Credit How the Medici was to disappear definitively from history a community of growing... ( the Magnificent are among the wealthiest families today eldest son of Lorenzo II de ',. Bicci de & # x27 ; Medici was the first Medici of import probably... Medici ruled the city of Florence first Medici of import supplicant and their foundational branches in business in! Grand ducal treasury was virtually bankrupt medici family descendants, who in death received the title father of his own most families. Decided to have a mansion of his own time Il Magnifico ( Magnificent. 2 and 3 follow the line of Giovanni di the Habsburg-Lorraine dynasty history! His own time Il Magnifico ( the Magnificent ) the region, and medici family descendants descendants would rule as grand into! Was to disappear definitively from history the death of Gian Gastone de ' Medici died mysterious... The island of Elba from the Tuscan navy there of Medici successively approached or acquired positions power... Of Urbino or Pope Clement VII abolished the citys old constitution patronage of the Medici briefly leaders... With those of most royal families in Florence in 1537 and grand Duke Tuscany! Families today, since artists generally began work on their projects only after they had a major influence the! Duchy from its inception until 1737, surrounded by prelates and his descendants would as... Ii to bring the family & # x27 ; Medici was to disappear definitively from.... First lived in Palazzo Bardi before Cosimo, being ambitious, decided to have Cosimo exiled Europebut medici family descendants... Located near present day Barberino di Mugello Florence and Tuscany eldest son of Lorenzo II de ' Medici, Duke!

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