declassified cia projects

Here's how to watch. The experiments continued even after Frank Olson, an army chemist who had never taken LSD, was covertly dosed by his CIA supervisor and nine days later plunged to his death from the window of a 13th-story New York City hotel room, supposedly as a result of deep depression induced by the drug. In 1998, the National Security Archive (NSA) a non-governmental organization that publishes information made available through the Freedom of Information Act posted declassified documents related to Operation Northwoods. In some countries, "preparing" for Soviet invasion included espionage and the hoarding of ammunitions. In light of news reports, an official inquiry was made into the events at My Lai and was concluded in March 1970. [13][23] Some surviving information about MKUltra was declassified in July 2001. The following 99 pages are in this category, out of 99 total. Acoustic Kitty was a CIA project launched by the Central Intelligence Agency Directorate of Science & Technology, which in the 1960s intended to use cats to spy on the Kremlin and Soviet embassies. Cameron had been hoping to correct schizophrenia by erasing existing memories and reprogramming the psyche. The inquiry resulted in criminal charges against 14 U.S. Army officers, all but one of whom were acquitted for their crimes. Long-term debilitation and several deaths resulted from this. Fidel Castro arrives MATS Terminal, Washington, D.C. (Image credit: Warren K. Leffler, Library of Congress), The only color photograph available for the Trinity blast, taken by Los Alamos scientist and amateur photographer Jack Aeby from near Base Camp. Declassified report from the CIA's bombshell UFO dossier reveals the meeting where top military officials launched 16-year Project Blue Book study of 'flying saucers' in 1952 !<-- Layton (2007), Whistle-Blower's Fight For Pension Drags On, The Washington Post -->, US Senate Report on CIA Detention Interrogation Program, European Parliament report of February 2007, United Nations Convention Against Torture, Senate Intelligence Committee report on CIA torture, Official reports by the U.S. Government on the CIA, U.S. intelligence involvement with German and Japanese war criminals after World War II, CIA transnational anti-crime and anti-drug activities, CIA's relationship with the United States Military, Classified information in the United States, Freedom of Information Act (United States), Title 32 of the Code of Federal Regulations, United States and state-sponsored terrorism, United States Department of Homeland Security, "Review of 'Legacy of Ashes: The History of CIA', "Renditions: Constraints Imposed by Laws on Torture", "Obama's War on Terror May Resemble Bush's in Some Areas", "Background Paper on CIA's Combined Use of Interrogation Techniques", "New CIA Docs Detail Brutal 'Extraordinary Rendition' Process", "Remarks of Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice Upon Her Departure for Europe, 5 December 2005", "Obama preserves renditions as counter-terrorism tool", "N.Y. billing dispute reveals details of secret CIA rendition flights", "Under Obama Administration Renditionsand Secrecy Around ThemContinue", "Resolution 1507: Alleged secret detentions and unlawful inter-state transfers of detainees involving Council of Europe member states", Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, "Outsourcing Torture: The secret history of America's 'extraordinary rendition' program", "Afghan Base Hit by Attack Has Pivotal Role in Conflict", "Intelligence Reform is the President's Urgent Challenge", "A Bombshell on Pinochet's Guilt, Delivered Too Late", "Doctors Aided CIA Torture, Records Show", "CIA Made Doctors Complicit in Torture After 9/11, Report Says", "The Snowden Affair: Electronic Briefing Book No. As Aeby later said, "It was there so I shot it.". [32], The project began during a period of what English journalist Rupert Cornwell described as "paranoia" at the CIA, when the U.S. had lost its nuclear monopoly and fear of communism was at its height. Project AERODYNAMIC (formerly CARTEL, ANDROGEN, AECARTHAGE), which operated 1949-1970 before being reclassified under Project named QRDYNAMIC in 1970 and finally QRDYNAMIC/QRPLUMB until 1991. Within a day the mosquitoes had bitten many people. A Soviet soldier inside the 350 yard tunnel extending from the American Sector of Berlin into the Soviet Sector on April 26, 1956. The Nazi War Crimes and Japanese Imperial Government Records Interagency Working Group (IWG), in implementing the Nazi War Crimes Disclosure Act and the Japanese Imperial Government Records Act, has taken the broadest view in identifying records that may be responsive to the Acts. Testing and Use of Chemical and Biological Agents by the Intelligence Community, List of MKULTRA Unclassified Documents including subprojects, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MKUltra&oldid=1133962574. This accusation was based on the CIA Director's earlier denials of Senator Dianne Feinstein's claims that the surreptitious CIA search of the SSCI computers occurred, was inappropriate, or "violated the separation of powers principles embodied in the United States Constitution, including the Speech and Debate clause" or other laws. To date, the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki remain the only uses of nuclear weapons in war. During its operational life, CORONA collected over 800,000 images in response to the national security requirements of the time. "[72], Alfred W. McCoy writes, "Stripped of its bizarre excesses, Dr. Cameron's experiments, building upon Donald O. Hebb's earlier breakthrough, laid the scientific foundation for the CIA's two-stage psychological torture method",[73] referring to first creating a state of disorientation in the subject, and then creating a situation of "self-inflicted" discomfort in which the disoriented subject can alleviate pain by capitulating. Adverse reactions often occurred, such as an operative who received the drug in his morning coffee, became psychotic and ran across Washington, seeing a monster in every car passing him. The declassified documents reveal plans for the plane to reach a top speed of Mach 4 (four times the speed of sound), and reach an altitude of 100,000 feet (30,480 meters). Memos noted the flying saucers as a risk to national security for its mass psychological considerations. Subcategories This category has the following 5 subcategories, out of 5 total. As the experimentation progressed, a point arrived where outsiders were drugged with no explanation whatsoever and surprise acid trips became something of an occupational hazard among CIA operatives. The program was canceled in 1966 after shifting ice created unstable conditions. ", "Operation Mockingbird is an alleged large-scale program of the United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) that began in the early 1950s and attempted to manipulate news media for propaganda purposes. While the classic show likely stretched the truth a little to its favor, declassified historical documents do note that the location has been used to test military vehicles and weapons. These documents, which describe secret writing techniques and are housed at the National Archives, are believed to be the only remaining classified documents from the World War I era. The government argued that Stanley was barred from suing under the Feres doctrine. [1][2] One project involved vesicants, one involved phosgene, and five were experiments which involved nerve agents; all seven were approved. The documents showed that the CIA purchased some quantities of LSD from Sandoz Laboratories in Switzerland. (Keystone/Getty Images), A Soviet soldier inside the 350 yard tunnel extending from the American Sector of Berlin into the Soviet Sector on April 26, 1956. The program was rumored vis--vis leaks made by anonymous government officials on July 23, to be an assassinations program,[56][57] but this remains unconfirmed. [98] The majority argued that "a test for liability that depends on the extent to which particular suits would call into question military discipline and decision making would itself require judicial inquiry into, and hence intrusion upon, military matters." 436", "The "Top 10" Surveillance Lies Edward Snowden's Leaks Shed "Heat and Light" Upon", "Office of the Inspector General's review of the President's Surveillance Program", "Unclassified Report on the President's Surveillance Program", "Minimization Procedures used by the National Security Agency in connection with Acquisitions of Foreign Intelligence", "PRISM/US-984XN Overview or The SIGAD Used Most in NSA Reporting Overview", The Cultural Cold War: The CIA and the World of Arts and Letters, "U.S. A cache of some 20,000 documents survived Helms's purge, as they had been incorrectly stored in a financial records building and were discovered following a FOIA request in 1977. In 1977, Schulsinger completed his doctoral dissertation on the project, but as MKUltra had been officially declared in the U.S. to have been discontinued with records destroyed, Schulsinger's thesis became a state secret. If this principle is violated, the very least that society can do is to see that the victims are compensated, as best they can be, by the perpetrators. Project MKUltra (or MK-Ultra) [a] was an illegal human experimentation program designed and undertaken by the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), intended to develop procedures and identify drugs that could be used in interrogations to weaken individuals and force confessions through brainwashing and psychological torture. Many were former members, and some were former leaders, of the Nazi Party. The Soviet Union was more aggressive in forcibly recruiting more than 2,200 German specialistsa total of more than 6,000 people including family memberswith Operation Osoaviakhim during one night on October 22, 1946.". [49] In one case, they administered LSD to a mental patient in Kentucky for 174 days. MKDELTA was established to oversee the use of MKUltra materials abroad. From a secret U.S Air Force project to build a flying saucer to a now-famous World War II-era research program that produced the first atomic bombs, below are 10 declassified military and CIA secrets. The operation was a field test designed to determine the feasibility of producing, storing, loading into munitions, and dispersing from aircraft the yellow fever mosquito (though these were not infected for the test) (Aedes aegypti). Arrival ceremony for Giulio Andreotti, President of the Council of Ministers of the Italian Republic, April 17, 1973. In line with this, Live Science have revealed a list of "declassified military and CIA secrets", some of which included the following. [73], Unlike the US and Canada, Denmark had a centralized population register, allowing participants to be tracked over the course of several years. This resulted in the withdrawal of support by many academics and private researchers, and LSD research became less of a priority altogether. The people under this interrogation were CIA employees, U.S. military personnel, and agents suspected of working for the other side in the Cold War. [30][31][32] However, the significance of human right does not fall into this case regarding whether Snowden received his fair trial or not. It is unknown whether any useful DNA was acquired from the program, but it was deemed not successful. Since its effects were temporary, he believed it could be given to high-ranking officials and in this way affect the course of important meetings, speeches, etc. "Director Panetta did brief us two weeks agoI believe it was on the 24th of June and, as had been reported, did tell us that he was told that the vice president had ordered that the program not be briefed to the Congress. Justice Sandra Day O'Connor, writing a separate dissent, stated: No judicially crafted rule should insulate from liability the involuntary and unknowing human experimentation alleged to have occurred in this case. [53] In other experiments where people were given LSD without their knowledge, they were interrogated under bright lights with doctors in the background taking notes. How Many More Could Follow? But I think most people when they think about it will say that you will get better intelligence if the intelligence agencies don't operate in an unexamined fashion. It funded student and cultural organizations and magazines as front organizations. The possibilities detailed in the document included the possible assassination of Cuban migrs, sinking boats of Cuban refugees on the high seas, hijacking planes, blowing up a U.S. ship, and orchestrating violent terrorism in U.S. Operation Paperclip's most famous recruit was rocket scientist Wernher von Braun, who would go on to mastermind NASA's Apollo moon missions. [1] Around 330,000 uninfected mosquitoes were dropped from aircraft in E14 bombs and dispersed from the ground. The records include: White House and ODNI efforts to explain, justify, and defend the programs; Correspondence between outside critics and executive branch officials; Fact sheets and white papers distributed (and sometimes later withdrawn) by the government; Key laws and court decisions (both Supreme Court and Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court); Documents on the Total Information Awareness (later Terrorist Information Awareness, or TIA) program, an earlier proposal for massive data collection Manuals on how to exploit the Internet for intelligence. It ends now. The operation was detailed in a partially declassified U.S. Army report in 1981. [93][94] However, academic sources attribute the incident to ergot poisoning through a local bakery.[95][96][97]. From September 20 to 27, 1950, the U.S. Navy released the pathogens off the shore of San Francisco. [13]:74[16][17][18] Over 7,000 American veterans took part in these experiments non-consensually during the 1950s through 1970s, many of them suing later on. The plan, known as Operation Gladio, called for the formation of secret armies or "stay-behind" organizations in many NATO countries, including Italy, Belgium and France, according to declassified documents. The confidential documents, codenamed Vault 7, dated from 20132016, included details on the CIA's software capabilities, such as the ability to compromise cars, smart TVs,[81] and web browsers, including Google Chrome, Microsoft Edge, Firefox, and Opera,[82][83] as well as the operating systems of most smartphones including Apple's iOS and Google's Android, and other operating systems such as Microsoft Windows, macOS, and Linux. This article was featured in the InsideHook newsletter. ", Dianne Feinstein, Chairwoman of the U.S. Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, As mandated by Title 50 of the United States Code Chapter 15, Subchapter III, when it becomes necessary to limit access to covert operations findings that could affect vital interests of the U.S., as soon as possible the President must report at a minimum to the Gang of Eight (the leaders of each of the two parties from both the Senate and House of Representatives, and the chairs and ranking members of both the Senate Committee and House Committee for intelligence). [32][37][84][85], Several known deaths have been associated with Project MKUltra, most notably that of Frank Olson. [3], The E14 was designed to hold 100,000 fleas and the E23 was designed to hold 200,000 fleas but the E23 failed in over half of the preliminary Big Itch tests. [99][100], Sit back picture yourself swooping up a shell of purple with foam crests of crystal drops soft nigh they fall unto the sea of morning creep-very-softly mist and then sort of cascade tinkley-bell-like (must I take you by the hand, ever so slowly type) and then conglomerate suddenly into a peal of silver vibrant uncomprehendingly, blood singingly, joyously resounding bells By my faith if this be insanity, then for the love of God permit me to remain insane.[104]. None of Cameron's personal records of his involvement with MKUltra survived because his family destroyed them after his death.[82][83]. "Legacy of ". After retiring in 1972, Gottlieb dismissed his entire effort for the CIA's MKUltra program as useless. The declassified documents reveal plans for the plane to reach a top speed of Mach 4 (four times the speed of sound), and reach an altitude of 100,000 feet (30,480 meters). "[50] Military personnel who received the mind-altering drugs were also threatened with court-martials if they told anyone about the experiments. Substances which will lower the ambition and general working efficiency of men when administered in undetectable amounts. Project MKUltra (or MK-Ultra)[a] was an illegal human experimentation program designed and undertaken by the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), intended to develop procedures and identify drugs that could be used in interrogations to weaken individuals and force confessions through brainwashing and psychological torture. This category contains the known or alleged operations of the Central Intelligence Agency of the United States . [33][118] The CIA insists that MKUltra-type experiments have been abandoned. 2010. [50] Heroin addicts were bribed into taking LSD with offers of more heroin. The program was codenamed Project Iceworm, but to test its feasibility, the Army launched a cover research project called "Camp Century" in 1960. Critical Survey of Long Fiction, Second Revised Edition (2000): EBSCO. Sign up now. [67]:141142, In addition to LSD, Cameron also experimented with various paralytic drugs as well as electroconvulsive therapy at thirty to forty times the normal power. "Between April and November 1956, the U.S. Army Chemical Corps conducted Operation Drop Kick[1] to test the practicality of employing mosquitoes to carry an entomological warfare agent in different ways. Previously, the CIA and the army had actively and successfully sought to withhold incriminating information, even as they secretly provided compensation to the families. In March 1968, American soldiers murdered hundreds of unarmed civilians in the South Vietnamese hamlet of My Lai, according to accounts of the massacre that describe harrowing killings of at least 300 women, children and elderly people. "[38][39][40], In 1964, MKSEARCH was the name given to the continuation of the MKULTRA program. The MKSEARCH program was divided into two projects dubbed MKOFTEN and MKCHICKWIT. In one case, seven volunteers in Kentucky were given LSD for seventy-seven consecutive days. On July 17, 2009, the House Intelligence Committee said it was launching a formal investigation into the secret program. Horrock, Nicholas M. (August 4, 1977). [38], The CIA sometimes finds itself in conflict with other parts of the government when there is disagreement over the legality of specific covert programs. [31], Most MKUltra records were destroyed in 1973 by order of CIA director Richard Helms, so it has been difficult for investigators to gain a complete understanding of the more than 150 funded research subprojects sponsored by MKUltra and related CIA programs. Atlantas Best Burger Is in a Suburban Gas Station, Review: Land Rover Built a Family SUV With Real Off-Road Chops. A series of top-secret human experiments conducted by the CIA between 1953 and 1973, Project MK-Ultra sought to harness the power of mind-control. [59], The Wall Street Journal reported, citing former intelligence officials familiar with the matter, that the program was an attempt to carry out a 2001 presidential authorization to capture or kill al-Qaeda operatives.[60]. Declassified CIA File - Project AERODYNAMIC (15 Feb 1967) Original Title: Declassified CIA file - Project AERODYNAMIC (15 Feb 1967) Uploaded by Operation Gladio Description: Source: http://www.foia.cia.gov/sites/default/files/document_conversions/1705143/AERODYNAMIC%20%20%20VOL.%205%20%20 (DEVELOPMENT%20AND%20PLANS)_0004.pdf Copyright: President Dwight D. Eisenhower formally endorsed CORONA in February 1958. "[4], In 1969, at the height of the antiwar movement in the US, CIA Director Helms received a message from Henry Kissinger ordering him to spy on the leaders of the groups requesting a moratorium on Vietnam. In July 2013, declassified documents from the CIA acknowledged the existence of Area 51 for the first time, and confirmed that the top-secret site was used to test a variety of spy planes, including the well-known U-2 reconnaissance aircraft. Avro Canada VZ-9AV Avrocar at the National Museum of the United States Air Force. The ambitious program, called Project 1794, was initiated in the 1950s, and a team of engineers was tasked with building a disc-shape vehicle capable of traveling at supersonic speeds at high altitudes. The Central Intelligence Agency today declassified the United States Government's six oldest classified documents, dating from 1917 and 1918. do to Eric Olson's father? At the announcement, Gore stated, Satellite coverage gave us the confidence to pursue arms control agreementsagreements that eventually led to dramatic decreases in the number of nuclear weapons and their delivery systems., Gore also noted that satellites, Recorded much more than the landscape of the Cold War. Such "ghost detainees" are kept outside judicial oversight, often without ever entering US territory, and may or may not ultimately be devolved to the custody of the United States. . CORONA also had sister programs: ARGON for mapping imagery and LANYARD, a short-lived program designed for higher-quality imagery. Copyright 2023 InsideHook. [21] The CIA operated using front organizations, although some top officials at these institutions were aware of the CIA's involvement.[13]. Today, the crushed remains of Project Iceworm are buried beneath Arctic snow. Evidence indicates that SNOWDEN had access to the classified documents in question; accessed those documents; and, subsequently, provided those documents to media outlets without authorization and in violation of U.S. [1] Jeffrey T. Richelson of the National Security Archive has been critical of its claims. This prompted Senators Dianne Feinstein and Patrick Leahy, Chairman of the Senate Judiciary Committee to insist that no one should go outside the law. A second defector, Yuri Nosenko, challenged Golitsyn's claims, with the two calling one another Soviet double agents. Now declassified, CIA documents on the project reveal the incredible scope and challenges of the U-2's development that were carried out in secrecy. (Of course, they didnt release the reason why they needed one, but well leave that up to your imagination.) Frank Olson's family received $750,000 by a special act of Congress, and both President Ford and CIA director William Colby met with Olson's family to apologize publicly. June 28, 2007 and Tim Weiner, United States Army Biological Warfare Laboratories, United States President's Commission on CIA activities within the United States, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Unethical human experimentation in the United States, Poison laboratory of the Soviet secret services, Category:Central Intelligence Agency operations, "One of the Most Shocking CIA Programs of All Time: Project MKUltra", "The CIA's Secret Quest For Mind Control: Torture, LSD And A 'Poisoner In Chief'", "Dialogue Sought With Professor In CIA Probe", "Statement of Director of Central Intelligence Before Subcommittee On Health And Scientific Research Senate Committee on Human Resources", "PROJECT BLUEBIRD | CIA FOIA (foia.cia.gov)", "Advisory on Human Radiation Experiments, July 5, 1994, National Security Archives, retrieved January 16, 2014", "Project MKUltra, the Central Intelligence Agency's Program of Research into Behavioral Modification. "80 Institutions Used in CIA Mind Studies: Admiral Turner Tells Senators of Behavior Control Research Bars Drug Testing Now". They told subjects they would extend their "trips" if they refused to reveal their secrets. He was almost awarded thePresidential Medal of Freedom but was denied it because ofhis Nazi past. [29] Whether or not the physicians were compelled is an open question. Hacking Documents", "How the CIA Can Hack Your Phone, PC, and TV (Says WikiLeaks)", "WikiLeaks posts trove of CIA documents detailing mass hacking", "Vault 7: Wikileaks reveals details of CIA's hacks of Android, iPhone Windows, Linux, MacOS, and even Samsung TVs", "Trump's CIA Director Pompeo, Targeting WikiLeaks, Explicitly Threatens Speech and Press Freedoms", Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan, and Bin Laden, from the Soviet Invasion to September 10, 2001, "Secret CIA Files Say Staffers Committed Sex Crimes Involving Children", All the Shah's Men: An American Coup and the Roots of Middle East Terror, Encyclopedia of the Central Intelligence Agency, CIA Freedom of Information Act Electronic Reading Room, Landscapes of Secrecy: The CIA in History, Fiction and Memory, Works by or about List of CIA controversies, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_CIA_controversies&oldid=1133652872, Dujmovic, Nicholas, "Drastic Actions Short of War: The Origins and Application of CIA's Covert Paramilitary Function in the Early Cold War,", This page was last edited on 14 January 2023, at 21:57. The CIA captured people suspected of being enemy agents and other people it deemed "expendable" to undertake various types of torture and human experimentation on them. [89] In 1975, Olson's family received a $750,000 settlement from the U.S. government and formal apologies from President Gerald Ford and CIA Director William Colby, though their apologies were limited to informed consent issues concerning Olson's ingestion of LSD. "[37], Several investigations led by the Church Committee, Rockefeller Commission and Pike Committee have been conducted about the CIA, and many documents have been declassified. Its purpose was to develop, test, and evaluate capabilities in the covert use of biological, chemical, and radioactive material systems and techniques of producing predictable human behavioral and/or physiological changes in support of highly sensitive operational requirements. [4] The fleas were loaded into two types of munitions and dropped from the air. (1995). I think this is as serious as it gets," stated Anna Eshoo, Chairman, Subcommittee on Intelligence Community Management, U.S. House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence (HPSCI). Later, From left: William Picketing, James Van Allen, and German scientist Wernher von Braun brandish a model of the first American satellite Explorer 1, on January 31, 1958. [29] In some cases, academic researchers were funded through grants from CIA front organizations but were unaware that the CIA was using their work for these purposes. [60], Another technique investigated was the intravenous administration of a barbiturate into one arm and an amphetamine into the other. The downward spiral and decentralization of the globalist controlled corps are making lawyers very rich and busy and the party is barely . Web. [77] However, it contained little detail. B Black sites (18 P) C Central Intelligence Agency domestic surveillance operations (10 P) E Extraordinary rendition program (2 C, 13 P) M [71], Naomi Klein argues in her book The Shock Doctrine that Cameron's research and his contribution to the MKUltra project was not about mind control and brainwashing, but about designing "a scientifically based system for extracting information from 'resistant sources'. Dont just read about intelligence operations, join us. Several other proposals were included within Operation Northwoods, including real or simulated actions against various U.S. military and civilian targets. [1][2] In a 1975 Pentagon Inspector General's report, the military maintained Top Hat was not subject to the guidelines requiring approval because it was a "line of duty" exercise in the Chemical Corps. These and other declassified documents regarding Vietnam War crimes can be accessed through the National Archives. Sidney Gottlieb, who had retired from the CIA two years previously and had headed MKUltra, was interviewed by the committee but claimed to have very little recollection of the activities of MKUltra. 3. Substances which will enhance the ability of individuals to withstand privation, torture, and coercion during interrogation and so-called "brain-washing". Seven CIA officers, including the chief of the base, were killed and six others seriously wounded in the attack. Just what kinds is still classified. The MKSEARCH program was divided into two projects dubbed MKOFTEN and MKCHICKWIT who received the mind-altering drugs were threatened... And decentralization of the Nazi Party and private researchers, and some were former members, and some were members. The hoarding of ammunitions is in a Suburban Gas Station, Review: Land Rover Built a SUV... 80 Institutions Used in CIA Mind Studies: Admiral Turner Tells Senators of Behavior Control Bars! 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Designed for higher-quality imagery by many academics and private researchers, and LSD research became less of priority. Of individuals to withstand privation, torture, and coercion during interrogation and so-called `` brain-washing.! Their `` trips '' if they refused to reveal their secrets patient in were... Northwoods, including the chief of the globalist controlled corps are making lawyers rich. Of munitions and dropped from aircraft in E14 bombs and dispersed from the program was canceled in 1966 after ice! And was concluded in March 1970 that MKUltra-type experiments have been abandoned Burger is in a declassified. Substances which will lower the ambition and general working efficiency of men when administered in undetectable.. Cia Mind Studies: Admiral Turner Tells Senators of Behavior Control research Drug! Was acquired from the program was canceled in 1966 after shifting ice created conditions... These and other declassified documents regarding Vietnam war crimes can be accessed through the national security requirements of the States! Off-Road Chops several other proposals were included within operation Northwoods, including or! Became less of a barbiturate into one arm and an amphetamine into the Soviet Sector April...

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